Singular and Plural

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In English, there are two types of nouns, countable (nouns with plural forms) and uncountable (nouns that can't take plural forms); therefore, when we are talking about singular and plural we are talking only about countable nouns.
Examples uncountable nouns: Water, money, sugar, information, advice, furniture, gas, power, rice...
Countable nouns are divided into two types; regular and irregular 

Regular nouns:

I. Nouns to the end of whish we add «S» :

n A house     -----»    houses
n A car       -----»     cars
n A taxi       -----»    taxis

II. Nouns to the end of whish we add «ES» :

n ‘S’  :    a bus    -----»   buses
n ‘SS’  :   a kiss    -----»   kisses
n ‘Ch’  :   a match  -----»  matches
n ‘Sh’  :   a wish   -----»   wishes
n ‘O’  :    a hero   -----»  heroes
n ‘X’  :    a fox     -----»   foxes
n ‘Z’  :    a quiz    -----»  quizzes

III. Nouns ending in «Y» :

1. If the ‘Y’ preceded by a vowel (a-e-i-o-u) we just add ‘S’ to the end of the noun.
Example:
             *a boy  -----»  boys    
             *  an essay   -----»  essays
             *a day -----»  days       
             *a toy     -----»   toys
2. If the ‘y’ is preceded by a consonant the ‘Y’ becomes ‘i’ folloxed by ‘es’.
Examples:
         *a family -----» families
         *a skiy -----»  skies
         *a lorry -----» lorries
         *a baby -----» babies



IV. Nouns ending in «F» or «Fe» : The ‘F’ becomes ‘v’ followed by ‘es’

n A shelf  -----»   shelves
n A theif   -----»  theives
n A wife   -----»  wives
n A knife  -----»   knives

Irregular Nouns:

v Irregular nouns, normally, do not follow the rules of regular nouns seen before.

Examples:

*a man -----» men       
*a sheep -----» sheep
*a woman -----» women 
*a fish -----» fish
*a child -----» children    
*a deer -----» deer
*a mouse -----» mice     
*a news -----» news
*a person -----» people   
*a species -----» species
*an ox -----»oxen        
*a series -----» series
*a louse -----» lice       
*a foot -----» feet
*a tooth -----» teeth     
*a goose -----» geese

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